The neutralisation of Acids by Antacids Essay Example

The neutralisation of Acids by Antacids Paper An Investigation to See What Effects the Neutralisation of Acids by Antacids In this experiment I will be looking at what affects the rate of reaction in a chemical reaction between Hydrochloric acid and commercial antacids. I will be looking at one of the Rates of reaction, surface area, to see if a smaller surface area does speed up a reaction. The reason that I became interested in this experiment is that I have been suffering from terrible indigestion of late and was wondering what would affect the efficiency of the tablets. Indigestion is a common condition caused by excess (or too strong) acid in the stomach, using antacids, usually a salt containing either an earth or alkali metal, always a base, neutralises the acid in the stomach relieving pain. In chemical reactions atoms are rearranged. This rearrangement (and the reaction) is caused by the collision of atoms. In gases and liquids, contact with solids and with each other millions of collisions occur very second. If all these were successful and caused a reaction then every reaction would be over in a millionth of a second. Because reactions arent over in such a quick speed one can presume that not all collisions are successful. To be successful a collision has to occur with enough energy and directly. A good analogy for this is bumper cars at a fair ground. A glancing hit does little but a head on collision hurts! Several things govern the rate of a reaction. I predict that as the surface area of one of the reactants (the tablet) increases so will the rates of reaction. This is because of the reasons discussed above. I set up the apparatus as below and used the equipment safely. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The neutralisation of Acids by Antacids specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The neutralisation of Acids by Antacids specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The neutralisation of Acids by Antacids specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I broke the tablet into smaller sizes as per the experiment demanded 2. In this experiment I will be using 0. 25-M hydrochloric acid because antacid tablets are designed to work in our stomach, in which is hydrochloric acid. I was provided with 2M hydrochloric acid and so diluted 2. 5mls of acid in 17. 5mls of water. I found that 0. 25M acid works best through some preliminary work. 3. a) When using the two smaller sizes I added 15mls of the water to the powder so I didnt loose any reactants. b) When using larger surface area I just broke the tablets into their respective sizes. 4. I added the hydrochloric acid solution into the side arm tube and measured (in mls) how much was released by seeing how much water was displaced from the measuring tube. My results were as followed: My results contain one anomalous result. This occurs in the fifth minute of the 1/4 tablet experiment. It was more likely to have occurred by human error than contamination because the control was negative and it occurs half way through the test, not from the start. This graph shows the reaction between 0. 25m hydrochloric acid and Rennie antacid tablets. As you can see the reaction starts at a steady speed and slows down as the reaction progresses. This is because the reactants are used early on and the amount of reactant available toward the end of the reaction is small. At the top end of the graph the speed of reaction between a 1/4 and a 1/6 is small considering the huge increase in surface area. This is because the increase in surface are no longer affects the rate of reaction; the rule no longer applies. This is common with scientific laws, such as Hookes law. Conclusion Antacid tablets are designed to neutralise stomach pH to stop heartburn and indigestion. In my opinion my experiment went quite well. From my experiment one can see that the smaller surface area of a reactant the slower the reaction. This proves my prediction and the rates of reaction correct. The 1/6 tablet reacted far quicker than the whole one. There is little difference between the smallest two sizes of tablet, this is because the law starts not to apply. The pattern is that as the surface area increases so does the rate of reaction, up to a certain point. An anomalous result occurred in the 5th minute of the 1/4 tablet, but it think it was due to human error, as opposed to contamination. I believe that contamination would have affected the whole test, and it would have stood out form the other results, having either a faster or slower reaction rate than the others. The best place to test the tablet would be in the stomach, as this is where the tablets are designed to work, it would be interesting to see if the enzymes in the stomach aid or slow down the reaction, although I think it would make little difference as the enzyme present in the stomach, protease, is designed to break down protein into amino acids, thus would do little to catalyse the neutralisation of stomach acid. To obtain results closer to those which would occur in the stomach, the experiment would have to take place at 32i c. I would expect the reaction to occur at a faster rate, because the particles would be moving faster (this point is explained in further detail earlier in this report). The best way to obtain results similar to those that would occur in the stomach would be a computer simulation, this way I could set the testing environment how I wanted without having to obtain a stomach.

Carnegie Mellon University MBA Program Application Essay †Example

Carnegie Mellon University MBA Program Application Essay – Example Free Online Research Papers Carnegie Mellon University MBA Program Application Essay Example A.What are your reasons for undertaking graduate study at the Graduate School of Industrial Administration? Please describe how your experience, your education and your graduate training at this school and your future career plans relate to each other. Describe your short-term and long-term objectives and how you plan to achieve them. In 2007, I might be in the middle of wrestle with my brain in terms of purchasing conditions such as local buyer, price, and market in the Bulk cargo-trading firm. I might have to decide how the change in the market will happen and also how the decision-making procedure should vary. My short-term goal is to conduct the business as a trading manager who can analyze current situation of market, grasp the tendency of future, and make accurate decision as well as to maintain and develop the flow of efficient business with all the partners in East Asia including Korea. My long-term goal is to establish a professional trading company, introducing new selling technique based on a cutting-edge mechanism such as Internet Web Site. After graduation in 19xx, I was granted job offers from big 4 enterprises including xxx. Nevertheless, I entered the xxx, one of the leading companies in Korea in the field of international marketing. I was stationed at the export department in charge of xxx. Despite the mandatory period of time for about 3-4 years to become a person in charge of one item in the trade department, I have visited xxx, xxx in Japan in order to check the data after I had worked for three months. That’s because I was highly recognized for my outstanding ability to conduct the business for standardized price variable and controls over the exchange rate fluctuation in order to reach the rational conclusion in an objective manner when I made a decision on the international oil price fluctuation and announced the research on the case of position deal such as xxx and xxx, which are the materials of xxx. After all, it became to be a source of research in the company. Based on my outstanding job performance, I was officially appointed as a person in charge of exporting the cargo of xxx, xxx w hose annual turnover came up to x million dollars on the average. As a result, we were placed at the top in terms of sales in Korea because the sales in xxx sector revealed the increase of xxx% in 19xx compared to that of last year. Therefore, I became the main source of jealousy from my seniors and fellow workers. In addition, on May in 19xx, we were awarded about x million dollars worth of Tender under my supervision, which xxx Authority under xxx Government started in the process as World bank loan was made, beating xx companies such as xxx, xxx and Japanese companies. Therefore, I was selected as the employer of the year in the trade department by achieving net profit of about xxx$ by delivering pre-positioned cargo from domestic industries. Since the January of 19xx, I have been in charge of collecting and analyzing the data on the Asian insurance market for the most part of x years, moving into the department of international marketing, which was newly built in xx Co. During that time, I was able to enhance the capability related to the decision- making procedure through data analysis and the establishment of follow-up measures. Meanwhile, I helped the executives, who were stuck on the concept of traditional decision-making procedures, face the changes in business environment more positively by serving up continuous analysis on the business policy of advanced companies such as xx bank, xx Co., which were world leading companies. Due to high recognition of my vigorous efforts, I was able to develop the negotiation skill and the global way of thinking by participating in the ‘xxx Seminar’ held in xxx in April 19xx. In addition, I learned the role of a team member and a coordinator in the sense that we can create synergy effect that might go far beyond the ability of each member based on the teamwork. I strongly believe these experiences will be great basis for me to participate in the international trading company in the short term as well as manage one of the international trading firms in the long term. The primary reason why I apply for GSIA is the courses related to the establishment of the co mpany that will serve as the most important basis for the build-up and management of specialized trading firm with a specific focus on the Asian market, which is my long-term aspiration. The courses that GSIA provides in the worldwide context are as follows: the way of setting up the business plan, the way of collecting fund from investors, the detailed knowledge on the production of the commodity, the marketing skills, and so forth. Secondly, I think highly of the quantitative approach on which GSIA focuses. This methodology is considered a great strength compared to other schools in the sense that it can systemize a series of process in an objective manner to recognize and solve the problem. In particular, your school is one of the most prestigious universities in the field of computer science and information system. Now that I figure your school is the first school that introduced the information system into the Business Administration, I believe it will be great help to apply the information system to the E-commerce in the field of international trade in which I am greatly interested. Given the opportunity, I would like to explore the field of E-commerce in detail as one of independent studies at your graduate school. B.Because GSIA students work closely together, we would like to understand what there is about your background and your experiences that would make a contribution to the diversity of the entering class and the educational experience of the other students. My father used to address, â€Å" Gain as many experience as possible. The knowledge based on experiences is highly useful to work out the problem.† According to my father’s lesson, I have tried to gain a wide variety of experiences since I was young. Even in the work, I have striven to obtain as many experience as possible in my field through a number of overseas business trips and workshops. I would like to hand over my peculiar experiences to my colleagues as follows. First of all, it is the xxx marketing that I went through in the xxx (xxx) trading. It is not commonplace but essential in international marketing to figure out the demand of buyer, predict the supplier’s market of supplier and price fluctuation, utilize xxx at reasonable price, and minimize the financial cost. I would like to have my colleagues realize the idea and the means of comprehending the market in macroeconomic perspective, which I have learned from the past x years of working experiences. Secondly, it is oriental way of self-discipline that I want to hand over to my colleagues. I have trained my body and mind mainly through paduk and meditation for the past 20 years. In particular, paduk is the primary recipe that I am eager to deliver to fellow students in GSIA. The heart of paduk is to figure out the intention of counterpart, which is one of leading qualities that competent managers should have. As a matter of fact, I was able to take a favorable position over several negotiations through ‘mind reading’ that I had learned from paduk. According to the Chinese literature, famous generals in China such as Jo Jo in ‘the story of the three powers’ trained themselves to grasp hidden intention of adversaries in advance through paduk, which led to numerous triumphs in many battles. I would like to hand over meditation to the fellow students in GISA in the sense that it makes people generous and serves as a efficient means of keeping one’s temper. I believe those who can keep control over their emotion will be part of competent managers. My favorite oriental meditation enables me to get indulged in the world of self-effacement and control every single emotion, resentment included. This kind of meditation encourages people to be more generous, not to involve trivial things. In effect, I escaped the danger from burglar with the help of lofty manners der ived from the meditation during the business trip to the xxx in November 19xx. Kidnapped by armed cab robber for 2 hours, I was able to get out of the incident thanks to my wisdom. I firmly believe that this sort of loftiness is based on the self-discipline of both body and mind through oriental meditation, which will serve as great help for my colleagues, the potential managers. C. Please describe an ethical issue that you have faced, how you dealt with the situation and what the outcome was On December 1th in 19xx, I had serious conflicts with a general manager in our department as hard as I should consider the resignation as a last option when our xxx heading for the xxx with x million dollar’s worth of xxx was caught on the rock. Through this experience, I realized the important fact that the role of leader is basically the coordination of the group rather than the implementation for the purpose of obedience. In this case, I also experienced the fact that leadership is derived from the fairest judgment by collecting and analyzing information after the accurate evaluation of the situation. At that time, I had conflicts with my general manager in terms of the benefit in the future and the cost at the present. This experience put me into an ethical dilemma between the ethical responsibility of the company and the pursuit of interest. During that time, the team head and I had conflicts in various aspects such as potential gain, present loss, the commitment to the integrity in terms of contracts The net profit in a xxx trading was about xxx$ worth, whereas it required xxx$ worth of expense to pay for the repair in place of missing ship owner after declaring general average. In the situation in which there was more possibility for ship owner to declare bankruptcy, I powerfully insisted on managing all business in the burden of our company because I judged that there was grand anxiety to lose long-term customers and moral commitment to conduct the contract with due integrity if we spent more time. General manager, however, avoided making a decision which could serve as major damage in his career. Therefore he was wasting lots of time by ignoring my opinion although I was in charge of the matter. As a consequence, we were able to deliver the xxx to the buycer in xxx after refilling the xxx under the instruction of the boss who recognized the seriousness of situation through the interview with me around 5 months later. Since then, however, Buyer in xxx got our firm to disqualify in the same bid in 19xx, which produced serious conflicts as to who was to blame inside the firm. It is self-evident fact that the enterprise is in pursuit of its interest. Therefore, the team head has good reason to emphasize the aspect of Profit Cost in decision-making process. Yet, it is much more important to enhance the credibility in the long term and secure the long-term contractors by accomplishing the commitment rather than pursue the short-term profit. No matter what is big or small problem, we are always in the situation where to find out the solution, and meet a great turning point in life by what decision we make. I found the important lesson from this case in the sense that the decision was not performed by the same fixed standard in every situation. In addition, it required accurate judgment of situation, the rational assessment of one’s own capability, and the bold determination for the purpose of more desirable decision-making procedure. Research Papers on Carnegie Mellon University MBA Program Application Essay Analysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWThe Project Managment Office SystemIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperPETSTEL analysis of IndiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductResearch Process Part OneBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self